What Is Diabetes and How Does It Affect the Body?

When we eat food, it is broken down in the body into glucose, which is a form of sugar. This glucose is the main source of energy for our body cells. However, for glucose to enter the cells and provide energy, it needs a “key.”
This key is called insulin.

Role of insulin in the body

Insulin helps glucose move from the bloodstream into the body’s cells. Once inside the cells, glucose is used to produce energy that keeps the body functioning normally.

What happens in diabetes?

In diabetes, one of two problems occurs:

• Either the body does not produce enough insulin, or
• The insulin that is produced does not work effectively and cannot open the “lock” of the cells

As a result, glucose is unable to enter the cells and starts accumulating in the blood. This increased level of sugar in the blood is known as diabetes (diabetes mellitus).

Why is diabetes called a “silent killer”?

In the early stages, diabetes often does not cause noticeable symptoms. Many people may not realize they have the condition until it is detected through routine blood tests. Because it progresses silently, it is often referred to as a silent killer.

Long-term effects of uncontrolled diabetes

If diabetes is not properly controlled over time, it can lead to serious complications affecting vital organs, including:

• Eyes – leading to vision problems
• Heart – increasing the risk of heart disease
• Kidneys – potentially causing kidney damage or failure

Key takeaway

Diabetes may not show early warning signs, but uncontrolled blood sugar levels can have serious long-term consequences. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and proper management are essential to protect overall health.