What Happens If Kidneys Fail? Treatment Guide

Facing a diagnosis of complete kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), can be overwhelming, raising many urgent questions. 

When your kidneys stop working, they can no longer filter waste products and excess fluid from your blood. 

This build-up, called uremia, is a serious medical condition that requires immediate treatment, typically dialysis or a kidney transplant, to sustain life. 

Without intervention, the body cannot function properly, leading to severe health complications.

Key Takeaways

• What It Means: Complete kidney failure means your kidneys have lost 85-90% of their function and can no longer keep you healthy.
• Immediate Effects: Waste and fluid build up in your body, causing symptoms like swelling, extreme fatigue, and nausea.
• Essential Treatments: Life-sustaining treatments include dialysis (filtering your blood with a machine) or a kidney transplant (receiving a healthy kidney).
• Underlying Causes: The most common causes are diabetes and high blood pressure, which damage the kidneys over time.
• Path Forward: With the right medical care and support, it is possible to manage kidney failure and maintain a good quality of life.

At Lokmanya Hospitals, we understand the uncertainty that comes with this diagnosis. As a leading multispeciality hospital in Pune, our goal is to provide clear, compassionate information to help you and your family navigate this journey with confidence and support.

What are the first signs my kidneys are failing?

In the early stages of kidney disease, you might not notice any symptoms. The changes can be subtle and gradual. However, as kidney function declines significantly, your body will send clearer signals that something is wrong.

You may experience persistent fatigue that sleep doesn't seem to fix.

 Other common signs include swelling (edema) in your hands, ankles, or face, changes in urination habits, and a general feeling of being unwell, often with nausea or a poor appetite. 

Some people also report muscle cramps, dry and itchy skin, or difficulty concentrating.

Why did my kidneys stop working?

Kidney failure is most often the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which develops over many years. The two most common culprits behind this long-term damage are diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension).

Uncontrolled high blood sugar from diabetes can damage the tiny filtering units in your kidneys. 

Similarly, high blood pressure puts extra strain on the blood vessels throughout your body, including those in your kidneys, impairing their function over time. 

Other causes can include genetic conditions like polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, and long-term use of certain medications.

How will doctors know for sure that my kidneys have failed?

Diagnosing complete kidney failure involves a few straightforward but essential tests. Our nephrology team will start by discussing your symptoms and medical history. To confirm the diagnosis, we rely on specific tests to measure how well your kidneys are working.

Key diagnostic tools include:

• Blood Tests: A test for your estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is crucial. An eGFR below 15 indicates severe loss of kidney function, or kidney failure.
   
• Urine Tests: These tests check for protein and blood in your urine, which are signs that the kidneys' filters are damaged.
   
• Imaging Tests: An ultrasound or CT scan can give our team a clear picture of your kidneys' size and structure, helping to identify any blockages or abnormalities.

Speak to a Kidney Specialist Today

Experiencing symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or changes in urination? Don’t ignore the warning signs of kidney failure. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can make a life-saving difference.

Call Lokmanya Hospitals now to consult our expert nephrologists and get the right treatment plan without delay.

What are  treatment options now?

When your kidneys fail, treatment is not just an option—it is essential for survival. The primary goal is to perform the functions your kidneys no longer can: removing waste and excess fluid. There are two main life-sustaining treatment paths.

1. Dialysis: This treatment takes over the filtering job of your kidneys.

• Hemodialysis: Your blood is circulated through an external machine with a special filter (a dialyser or "artificial kidney") to clean it before it's returned to your body. This is typically done at a dialysis centre a few times per week.
   
• Peritoneal Dialysis (PD): This method uses the lining of your own abdomen (the peritoneum) as a natural filter. A cleansing fluid is introduced through a catheter, absorbs waste products, and is then drained. This type of dialysis can often be done at home.

2. Kidney Transplant: This is a surgical procedure to place a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. The donor can be living (often a family member or friend) or deceased. 

A transplant is a treatment, not a cure, and requires lifelong medication to prevent your body from rejecting the new organ, but it can offer more freedom from dialysis.

Making this choice is deeply personal. If you are facing this decision, our expert nephrologists and care coordinators at Lokmanya Hospitals are here to provide guidance and support. 

We are recognised as the Best urology treatment Hospital for our patient-centric approach and will help you understand which option best fits your lifestyle and medical needs. Contact us for a consultation to discuss your path forward.

What does life look like after a kidney failure diagnosis?

Receiving a diagnosis of kidney failure is life-changing, but it is not the end. Many people continue to lead full, active lives with treatment. Adjusting to a new routine, whether it involves dialysis schedules or managing post-transplant care, is a key part of the process.

You will work closely with your healthcare team, including dietitians who will help you create a kidney-friendly eating plan. This often involves monitoring your intake of protein, potassium, sodium, and fluids. Regular physical activity, as approved by your doctor, can also help improve your overall well-being.

How can I take care of myself emotionally?

A kidney failure diagnosis affects more than just your physical health. It is normal to feel a mix of emotions, including fear, anger, and uncertainty. It's important to acknowledge these feelings and seek support.

Connecting with family, friends, or a support group can make a significant difference. Sharing your experience with others who understand can be incredibly validating. 

At Lokmanya Hospitals, we believe in treating the whole person, and our teams can connect you with counselling and support resources to help you and your family cope with the emotional aspects of this journey.

As a leading Kidney Transplant Hospital in Pune, our commitment at Lokmanya Hospitals is to provide holistic care that addresses both your medical needs and your emotional well-being. We are with you at every step, offering expertise and empathy.

Conclusion: Your Partner in Kidney Health

A diagnosis of complete kidney failure is a serious health challenge, but with today's advanced treatments and a dedicated care team, you can manage the condition and maintain your quality of life. 

Understanding your options—dialysis and transplantation—and actively participating in your care are the first steps toward empowerment. 

At Lokmanya Hospitals, our team is dedicated to providing you with the expert medical care and compassionate support needed to navigate this journey effectively.

FAQs

1. Can my kidneys start working again after they fail completely?
Once kidneys have reached the stage of complete failure (end-stage renal disease), the damage is generally irreversible. Treatments like dialysis or a transplant are necessary to perform the functions the kidneys can no longer handle. However, in cases of acute (sudden) kidney injury, kidney function can sometimes be recovered if the underlying cause is treated promptly.

2. How long can I live on dialysis?
Many people live for many years on dialysis. Life expectancy depends on various factors, including your overall health, the type of dialysis you receive, how well you follow your treatment plan, and your dietary and fluid restrictions. With good medical care and adherence to your regimen, it is possible to live a long and fulfilling life.

3. What is the waiting list for a kidney transplant in Pune?
The waiting time for a deceased donor kidney transplant can vary significantly based on blood type, tissue compatibility, and the number of available organs. Patients can be placed on the list once they are medically cleared for a transplant. A living donor transplant can happen much faster if a suitable and willing donor is identified.

4. Will I be able to work and travel with kidney failure?
Yes, many people with kidney failure continue to work and travel. If you are on peritoneal dialysis, it offers more flexibility for travel as the equipment is portable. For those on hemodialysis, treatments can be arranged at dialysis centres in other cities, but it requires advance planning with your care team.

5. What is the difference between palliative care and choosing no treatment?
Palliative care, or conservative management, is not the same as refusing all treatment. It is an active medical approach focused on managing symptoms, relieving pain, and maximising quality of life without undergoing dialysis or a transplant. The goal is to provide comfort and support, focusing on your well-being and personal wishes.