Mouth Ulcers: Causes, Symptoms, and Natural Remedies

Mouth ulcers, also called aphthous ulcers, are small, painful sores that develop inside the mouth on the tongue, cheeks, lips, or even the roof of the mouth. While they are generally harmless, they can cause significant discomfort, making everyday activities like eating, drinking, speaking, or even swallowing a challenge.

These ulcers can occur for a variety of reasons. Minor injuries from biting the cheek or brushing too hard, stress, hormonal changes, or certain vitamin deficiencies are common triggers. In some cases, underlying health conditions, such as digestive disorders or immune system issues, may also play a role.

Although mouth ulcers can be painful and inconvenient, the good news is that most heal naturally within a week or two without medical intervention. However, knowing the causes, risk factors, and remedies both conventional and natural can help reduce discomfort, speed up healing, and prevent future outbreaks.

If your mouth ulcers are persistent, severe, or recurring, it’s always best to consult a specialist at Lokmanya Hospital, where experienced doctors can provide accurate diagnosis and treatment options.

In this blog, we will take a closer look at everything you need to know about mouth ulcers, including how to treat, manage, and prevent them naturally.

Causes & Risk Factors Of Mouth Ulcers

Understanding what triggers mouth ulcers can help you prevent them or reduce their severity. While the exact cause of aphthous ulcers isn’t always clear, several factors are commonly linked to their development:

1. Minor Injuries and Trauma

Accidental injuries inside the mouth are a frequent cause of ulcers. Examples include:

• Biting the inside of your cheek or tongue
• Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush
• Dental appliances like braces, dentures, or sharp fillings

Even small injuries can trigger the formation of painful sores.

2. Nutritional Deficiencies

A lack of certain vitamins and minerals can make you more susceptible to mouth ulcers. Common deficiencies include:

• Vitamin B12
• Iron
• Folic acid

Ensuring a balanced diet with these nutrients can reduce the risk of recurring ulcers.

3. Stress and Hormonal Changes

Physical or emotional stress can weaken the immune system, making it easier for ulcers to form. Hormonal fluctuations, especially in women during menstruation, can also trigger outbreaks.

4. Underlying Health Conditions

Certain medical conditions may increase the likelihood of mouth ulcers:

• Celiac disease
• Crohn’s disease
• Autoimmune disorders

5. Foods and Irritants

Spicy, acidic, or rough-textured foods can irritate the mouth and contribute to ulcer formation, especially if you already have a small injury inside the mouth.

6. Contagion Factor

The good news: mouth ulcers are not contagious. You cannot catch them from someone else, so there’s no need to worry about spreading them.

Treatment & Remedies for Mouth Ulcers

While most mouth ulcers heal on their own within 1–2 weeks, there are several ways to relieve pain, speed up healing, and prevent further irritation. Treatments can range from simple home remedies to over-the-counter solutions.

1. Topical Treatments

Applying medicated gels or ointments directly to the ulcer can:

• Reduce pain and discomfort
• Protect the ulcer from irritation
• Promote faster healing

Look for products containing benzocaine, lidocaine, or protective barriers for best results.

2. Oral Rinses

Mouth rinses can help reduce bacteria and soothe irritation. Options include:

• Saltwater rinse: Dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and rinse your mouth several times a day.
• Antiseptic mouthwash: Helps prevent infection and keeps the ulcer clean.

3. Pain Management

Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen can help manage discomfort, especially when eating or talking.

4. Avoid Irritants

Certain foods and habits can make ulcers worse:

• Spicy, acidic, or rough foods
• Smoking or alcohol
• Brushing too hard

5. Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water keeps your mouth moist, which can help reduce pain and speed up healing.

6. Special Cases: Tongue and Throat Ulcers

If ulcers appear on the tongue or throat:

• Use soft-bristled toothbrushes
• Avoid foods that scrape or irritate the area
• Rinse with warm saltwater multiple times a day

Natural & Home Remedies for Mouth Ulcers

Many people prefer natural remedies to soothe mouth ulcers quickly and promote healing. While these remedies may not replace medical treatments in severe cases, they can provide significant relief and help prevent future outbreaks.

1. Honey

Honey is known for its antibacterial and healing properties. Applying a small amount directly to the ulcer can:

• Reduce pain and inflammation
• Protect against infection
• Speed up healing

2. Coconut Oil

Coconut oil has antimicrobial properties and can help:

• Reduce irritation
• Prevent bacterial growth
• Soften the ulcer for easier healing

3. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera gel is a natural soothing agent. Applying it to the ulcer can:

• Calm pain and burning
• Promote tissue repair
• Reduce inflammation

4. Baking Soda Paste

A paste made from baking soda and water can help neutralize acids in the mouth and:

• Reduce irritation
• Speed up healing
• Maintain a healthier oral environment

5. Yogurt and Probiotics

Probiotics found in yogurt help maintain a healthy balance of oral bacteria, which may:

• Reduce the risk of ulcers
• Promote faster healing
• Support overall oral health

6. Saltwater Rinse

A simple and effective remedy:

• Mix half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water
• Rinse your mouth 2–3 times a day
• Helps reduce bacteria and inflammation

Prevention Tips for Mouth Ulcers

While occasional mouth ulcers are common, you can take several steps to reduce their frequency and severity. Prevention focuses on maintaining oral health, reducing irritation, and supporting your body’s natural defenses.

1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene

• Brush gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush
• Floss daily to remove food particles and plaque
• Rinse your mouth regularly to keep it clean

2. Eat a Balanced Diet

• Ensure adequate intake of vitamins B12, iron, and folic acid
• Include fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Avoid excessive consumption of acidic or spicy foods that may irritate the mouth

3. Manage Stress

Stress can trigger ulcers, so it’s important to incorporate relaxation techniques:

• Meditation or deep breathing exercises
• Yoga or light exercise
• Adequate sleep and self-care routines

4. Avoid Irritants

• Limit smoking and alcohol, which can irritate the mouth
• Avoid very hot, rough, or acidic foods that may trigger ulcers

5. Stay Hydrated

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day to maintain a moist, healthy oral environment

6. Regular Check-ups

• Visit your dentist regularly to identify potential issues like sharp teeth, dental appliances, or infections that could cause ulcers

Disclaimer

The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider or dentist if you have persistent, severe, or recurring mouth ulcers, or if you experience additional symptoms such as fever, difficulty swallowing, or unexplained weight loss. The author and website are not responsible for any health issues or complications that may arise from following the information provided.

Conclusion

Mouth ulcers, though common and usually harmless, can cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily activities like eating, speaking, or drinking. Understanding the causes, risk factors, and triggers of minor injuries and stress to vitamin deficiencies can help you manage and prevent them effectively.

A combination of proper oral hygiene, natural remedies, dietary care, and stress management can significantly reduce pain, speed up healing, and lower the chances of recurring ulcers. For persistent, severe, or recurring cases, consulting a specialist at Lokmanya Hospital ensures you receive an accurate diagnosis and professional treatment tailored to your needs.

By taking proactive measures and following simple preventive strategies, you can keep your mouth healthy, reduce discomfort, and enjoy everyday activities without interruption.

Frequently Asked Questions 

1. What causes mouth ulcers?
Mouth ulcers can be triggered by minor injuries, stress, hormonal changes, vitamin deficiencies (B12, iron, folic acid), certain foods, or underlying health conditions.
2. Are mouth ulcers contagious?
No, mouth ulcers are not contagious. You cannot spread them to others through contact.
3. How long do mouth ulcers usually last?
Most mouth ulcers heal naturally within 1–2 weeks without medical intervention.
4. Can mouth ulcers be prevented?
Yes. Maintaining good oral hygiene, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, avoiding irritants like spicy foods or smoking, and staying hydrated can help prevent ulcers.
5. What home remedies can help relieve pain from mouth ulcers?
Natural remedies such as honey, coconut oil, aloe vera, baking soda paste, probiotics, and saltwater rinses can soothe pain and promote healing.
6. When should I see a doctor for a mouth ulcer?
Consult a doctor or dentist if ulcers are persistent, severe, recurring, or accompanied by other symptoms like fever, difficulty swallowing, or unexplained weight loss.
7. Do vitamin deficiencies cause mouth ulcers?
Yes, deficiencies in vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid are known to increase the risk of developing mouth ulcers.