Know why dizziness occurs? Causes and treatment

Dizziness, often referred to as "chakkar" in Hindi, is a common yet complex medical symptom with various underlying causes. Dr. Shailendra Date, a physician at Lokmanya Hospital, Pune, shares his insights into this condition, emphasizing the importance of identifying its true nature for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Dizziness is a term patients often use to describe different sensations. However, not all instances of "dizziness" are the same, and the term is frequently misused. Patients may struggle to express their symptoms accurately, leading to confusion. A detailed understanding of the type of dizziness experienced is crucial for determining its cause.

Dizziness can arise due to various reasons, broadly categorized into the following types:

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or movement, often triggered by changes in head position. It occurs when the balance system in the brain and the inner ear, specifically the balancing apparatus located behind the ear, malfunctions. Patients may feel as if everything around them is spinning, particularly when they change positions such as lying down or standing up.

Dizziness can also result from reduced blood supply to the brain, especially when a person moves to an upright position. This occurs due to a failure in the body’s compensatory mechanisms to maintain proper blood flow. If the brain receives insufficient blood, dizziness may ensue.

Epileptic seizures, commonly known as fits, can sometimes be mistaken for dizziness. Seizures have various classifications, and their symptoms vary. A patient experiencing this type of dizziness requires careful questioning and diagnostic tests.

Stress, psychological tension, or psychiatric illnesses can also cause dizziness. This type of dizziness is functional, meaning that diagnostic tools such as CT scans or MRIs may not reveal any physical abnormalities. A thorough history and psychological evaluation are necessary to identify the root cause.

Proper diagnosis of dizziness involves a detailed history, physical examination, and targeted diagnostic tests:

Tilt Table Test for postural dizziness.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) for detecting seizures.

CT Scan or MRI to check for brain tumors or vascular problems.

Brain Angiography for assessing blood vessel abnormalities.

Holter Test for records heart electrical activity within 24 Hrs.

If someone experiences recurring or severe dizziness, they should consult a family physician or specialist. A physician may refer the patient to a neurologist or other specialists if needed, ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Dizziness is a multifaceted symptom that requires careful evaluation to pinpoint its cause. Dr. Shailendra Date emphasizes the importance of seeking medical advice and undergoing necessary investigations to address the issue effectively.

For any concerns regarding dizziness, consult a healthcare professional to explore potential causes and receive tailored treatment.