Knee Replacement Surgery: Procedure, Types And Risks

Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a common procedure used to treat severe knee pain or disability caused by conditions such as arthritis, injury, or other degenerative diseases. This surgery involves removing damaged parts of the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components, offering patients relief from pain, improved mobility, and a higher quality of life. At Lokmanya Hospital, our expert orthopedic team specializes in knee replacement procedures, providing personalized care and treatment to meet the unique needs of each patient.

Understanding the Need for Knee Replacement

Knee pain can significantly affect daily activities, making simple tasks like walking, climbing stairs, or getting out of a chair difficult. Conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis are common causes of joint degeneration that leads to pain and stiffness. When non-surgical treatments like medications, physical therapy, or injections no longer provide relief, knee replacement surgery becomes an effective option.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery

There are two primary types of knee replacement surgeries: total knee replacement (TKR) and partial knee replacement (PKR). Each is designed to address specific knee joint issues and is chosen based on the patient's condition and level of damage.

1. Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Total knee replacement is the most common form of knee replacement surgery. In this procedure, the entire knee joint is replaced with an artificial implant. It is usually recommended for patients with severe osteoarthritis or significant damage to the entire joint. During TKR, the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the femur, tibia, and patella (kneecap), replacing them with metal and plastic components that mimic the natural knee.

• Benefits: Improved mobility, reduced pain, and long-lasting results.
• Recovery: Typically requires a hospital stay of 2-3 days, followed by physical therapy for rehabilitation.

2. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR)

Partial knee replacement is an option for patients who have damage confined to only one part of the knee joint (typically the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment). Unlike TKR, which replaces the entire joint, PKR only replaces the damaged portion, leaving healthy tissue intact.

• Benefits: Smaller incision, faster recovery, and preserved natural movement.
• Recovery: Faster rehabilitation compared to total knee replacement, with a shorter hospital stay and less post-operative pain.

The Knee Replacement Procedure

Knee replacement surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, depending on the patient's preference and medical condition. The procedure generally follows these steps:

1. Preparation: The patient is positioned on the operating table, and the area around the knee is sterilized.
2. Incision: A small incision is made on the front of the knee to access the joint.
3. Removal of Damaged Tissue: The damaged cartilage and bone are carefully removed, and the surfaces of the femur, tibia, and patella are shaped to fit the artificial components.
4. Implantation: The surgeon places the artificial components, which are usually made of metal alloys and medical-grade plastic.
5. Closure: After the implants are in place, the incision is closed, and the knee is bandaged.
6. Post-Op Care: Following surgery, patients begin a rehabilitation program that focuses on restoring strength, mobility, and function to the knee.

Risks of Knee Replacement Surgery

Like any surgical procedure, knee replacement carries some risks. It's important for patients to be aware of potential complications and discuss them with their orthopedic surgeon before making a decision. Some of the risks associated with knee replacement surgery include:

1. Infection: Although rare, infection can occur at the incision site or within the knee joint.
2. Blood Clots: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a risk, where blood clots form in the veins of the legs. Preventive measures, including blood thinners and physical therapy, help reduce this risk.
3. Implant Loosening or Wear: Over time, the artificial joint components may wear out or become loose, requiring revision surgery.
4. Stiffness and Loss of Mobility: While most patients experience significant improvement in their knee function, some may develop stiffness, which can limit movement.
5. Nerve or Blood Vessel Damage: Though rare, there’s a possibility of injury to nearby nerves or blood vessels during surgery.
6. Persistent Pain: Some patients may continue to experience pain after the procedure, which can be due to various factors, including improper implant alignment or complications with the soft tissues.

Post-Operative Care and Recovery

Recovery from knee replacement surgery involves several important stages:

1. Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for 2-3 days. Pain management and monitoring for complications are essential during this time.
2. Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation is a critical part of the recovery process. Patients begin physical therapy soon after surgery to regain strength and mobility.
3. Home Care: After discharge, patients will need assistance with daily activities during the initial recovery period. The use of crutches or walkers is typically required for a few weeks.
4. Long-Term Care: Most patients can resume normal activities within 3-6 months, although full recovery may take up to a year. Regular follow-up visits with the orthopedic surgeon are necessary to ensure the knee is healing properly.

Why Choose Lokmanya Hospital for Knee Replacement Surgery?

At Lokmanya Hospital, we pride ourselves on offering comprehensive, patient-centered care. Our orthopedic surgeons are highly trained in performing knee replacement procedures, utilizing the latest technologies and techniques to ensure the best possible outcomes. With a focus on minimizing pain, promoting recovery, and improving quality of life, we are committed to providing exceptional care every step of the way.

Our state-of-the-art facilities, personalized treatment plans, and dedicated support staff work together to ensure a smooth, successful surgery and recovery experience. If you're considering knee replacement surgery, schedule a consultation with our expert team to discuss your options and how we can help you live a pain-free life.

FAQ’s

1. What is the recovery time after knee replacement surgery?
The recovery time varies for each individual, but most patients can expect to stay in the hospital for 2-3 days after surgery. Full recovery typically takes 3-6 months, with the majority of patients regaining mobility and strength within a few months. Some patients may take up to a year to fully heal and resume normal activities.
2. How long will the knee replacement implants last?
Knee replacement implants are designed to be durable and long-lasting. On average, they can last between 15 to 20 years, depending on factors such as the patient's activity level, weight, and overall health. In some cases, implants may need to be replaced or revised if they wear out or loosen over time.
3. Will I experience pain after the surgery?
While most patients experience significant relief from pain after knee replacement surgery, some discomfort and stiffness are normal during the initial recovery period. Pain management strategies, including medication and physical therapy, are used to help manage discomfort and promote healing.
4. What are the risks associated with knee replacement surgery?
As with any surgery, knee replacement has risks, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening, stiffness, nerve damage, and persistent pain. However, complications are relatively rare, and the vast majority of patients benefit from the surgery with improved mobility and reduced pain.
5. Can I return to physical activities after knee replacement surgery?
Most patients can return to low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, and cycling after knee replacement surgery. High-impact activities like running or jumping may be limited. Your orthopedic surgeon will guide you on the appropriate level of activity during your recovery.
6. Am I a candidate for knee replacement surgery?
If you have severe knee pain or disability due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or injury that interferes with your daily activities and non-surgical treatments haven't been effective, you may be a candidate for knee replacement surgery. Your orthopedic surgeon will assess your condition and discuss your options.