Asthma: Complete information about causes, symptoms, and treatment
Category: Pulmonology
Fri Jan 17 2025
Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the airways, characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the air passages. This results in difficulty breathing and other discomforts. Dr. Preeti Rupnar, MD in Medicine and Consultant Physician, explains the condition in detail.
What Is Asthma?
Asthma occurs due to the narrowing of the airways caused by inflammation. This narrowing restricts airflow from the mouth to the lungs, leading to symptoms like difficulty in breathing and chest discomfort.
Symptoms Of Asthma
- Chest Tightness: A common feeling of tightness in the chest.
- Wheezing: A whistling sound heard during breathing.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or a struggle to catch one’s breath.
- Persistent Cough: A cough that disrupts sleep and doesn't improve with standard medicines.
These symptoms often lead to sleep disturbances, poor concentration, and other challenges.
Triggers Of Asthma
Asthma symptoms worsen under specific conditions, including:
- Environmental Factors: Changes in temperature, pollution, and allergens like dust, strong perfumes, and food preservatives.
- Occupational Exposure: Dust and air-conditioned environments in workplaces can trigger symptoms.
- Stress and Lifestyle: Sedentary habits, obesity, and stress can exacerbate the condition.
- Genetic and Early Life Factors: A family history of asthma or underdeveloped lungs at birth can predispose individuals to asthma.
Preventive Measures
- Use wet mopping instead of dry dusting to minimize dust exposure.
- Opt for fresh foods over canned or preserved items to avoid allergens.
- Stay active and maintain a healthy weight to reduce the risk of triggers.
Treatment Of Asthma
Effective management of asthma involves understanding personal triggers and using prescribed treatments:
- Inhalers and Rotahalers: Essential for delivering medication directly to the lungs, reducing side effects and providing instant relief by dilating the airways.
- Steroids: These anti-inflammatory medications prevent airway inflammation and further complications like fibrosis. While oral steroids are rarely required, inhaled steroids are a vital part of asthma management.
Patients are encouraged to use their prescribed inhalers confidently, as they are crucial for controlling the condition. Consulting a healthcare provider ensures appropriate treatment.
